Californian Wine Clusters Essay Example for Free

Californian Wine Clusters Essay Identify the players in the Californian wine cluster, who are they? Main players are growers, vineyard owners, wineries and automated processing facilities. Moreover, there are many supporting players such as bottle, cork and barrel producers, CAGR, Research and Education Institutions which are addicted to improve wine production and services, Distribution Channels to business and direct customers, Bank for financing, Tourism Clusters for presenting, Government, wine magazines, restaurants and bars, food cluster, U.C Davis, producers of equipment which are used in production of wines and grapes. As types of those equipment, fertilizers, labeling machines, trucks, scissors, etc. can be listed. Government role is important, because taxation, production regulations, supports for exporting and production quotas all are in hand of government. What are the reasons behind the Californian wine cluster success? Two key factors in success of Californian wine cluster are price and taste. Those two are decision making factors for consumer. Firstly their price is cheap, because Californian wineries’ yield amount is high, tax amount for a bottle is low, production efficiency in the mean area is high, labor cost is low, there is no production quota by government and they are using automated systems for wine production which is more efficient. Those are the reasons that present low price opportunities. Taste comes with wisdom of years in production. Research facilities, wine production and gourmet schools, good quality grapes, fine barreling materials and supporting spices in wine make Californian wines’ taste better and better in years. As support elements, Californian Food and Tourism clusters are helping wine cluster as brothers and sisters. Food cluster has many different kind of best chefs and restaurants which serve very best of dishes with wines which mixture of taste calls for new customers. Tourism cluster brings new possible customers to food cluster and wine cluster. Wine tasting tours and winery tours are big chances for presenting Californian wines to the rest of the world. Beyond all of those, California is in one of the strongest countries and  government, trade unions, institutions, powerful people give support to wine clusters in presenting, producing and transporting. Other big competitors as Italy and France are stricken about regulations and taxation which bring Californian wine’s success. How is the situation regarding the wine industry in France, Italy, Australia, Chile? In competition, Italy, France, Australia and Chile are main actors against California, and old big players are France and Italy. In exporting, France takes the lead and Italy takes the second row. They are the closest ones to EU consumers which are main consumers and they are old player. Over passing decades, Australian and Californian wines have kept the quality up and caught France and Italy. As a result, especially French and also Italian wine price levels remained high besides of California and Australia. Also, French government put regulations for production amount and taxation. Australia is a very fast growing wine producer and their price level and quality is very fine. Besides, many farmlands turned into vineyards and consumption level is demanding day by day. Also government supports export and regulates wine sided. Furthermore, they are very close to Asia which is a growing business in wine sector. Chile has a lower consumption and production according to Australia and California, but their price level is low and taxation and regulations are helpful in terms of improving production and growing wine business. Their wines are carton packed and acidic, and also those give the opportunity of cheap wines. If you were the governor of California, what would you do about the wine cluster? Regarding wine clusters, firstly I probably offer some marketers to market premium products with better price, and create better brands. I would try to open gourmet, chef and wine expert schools, also more research institutions for not also wine production but also their materials and grape species. I push tourism sector to create especially wine tasting and winery visit tours. Moreover, placing wine and best brands into Californian advertisement  campaigns. Reason behind all of those, Californian wine needs presentation, awareness and marketing, moreover good labeling and better brand image in minds. So, to create all class of brands from premium down to simple versions, they need premium marketing advises and campaigns.

The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

When William Shakespeare wrote, The Merchant of Venice, he included a female character that influences the play dramatically. In most of Shakespeare's plays, the women have little power and intelligence. In The Merchant of Venice, however, Portia is a woman that saves the life of a man with her wit and intelligence. Another woman created by Shakespeare that posses qualities similar to Portia is Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both women add to the main themes of the play because of their ability to use their intelligence and witty remarks as well as having a loving heart. The women share many similarities as well as many differences which seem to be inevitable because Portia seems to be put on a pedestal that very few can reach. Portia is one of Shakespeare's great heroines, whose beauty, lively intelligence, quick wit, and high moral seriousness have blossomed in a society of wealth and freedom. She is known throughout the world for her beauty and virtue, and she is able to handle any situation with her sharp wit. In many of Shakespeare's plays, he creates female characters that are presented to be clearly inferior to men. The one female, Shakespearean character that is most like Portia would be Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both of the women are known for their wit and intelligence. Beatrice is able to defend her views in any situation, as does Portia. Shakespeare gives each of them a sense of power by giving their minds the ability to change words around, use multiple meanings and answer wisely to the men surrounding them. By adding a loving heart to both of these women, Shakespeare makes their intelligence more appealing. Even though Beatrice hides the loving side of her character for most of th e play, she still expresses her kindness and love in other ways. Like Portia, she is a dear friend and an obedient daughter. In the fourth act, after Portia has saved the life of Antonio, she uses her wit, just as Beatrice does to test Benedict's love, to convince Bassanio to surrender the ring that he vowed he would never part with. After simply asking for it and being unsuccessful, she decides to use her intelligence and says, "I see sir, you are liberal in offers. / You taught me first to beg, and now methinks / You teach me how a beggar should be answer'd" (IV.

Compare and contrast the ways in which Carol Ann Duffy presents female characters

Compare and contrast the ways in which Carol Ann Duffy presents female characters in ‘The World's Wife'. The Worlds Wife is a joyous collection of poems about women which was published in 1999, which are given a voice in society as the original stories/myths gave women no say. The poems features biblical, mythical and historical which are very well known. All the poems are dramatic monologues in a feminist approach. Most poems are seen as witty, interesting and hilarious.The main themes shown in ‘The Worlds Wife’ are marriage, homosexuality, birth and relationships In the poems Delilah and Red Cap, we explore the themes female dominance, determination and manipulation, as they go to desperate measures to get what they want. In Little Red Cap Duffy presents presents how young female characters will go to unimaginable measures to get what they need. ‘sweet sixteen, never been, babe, waif, bought me a drink’ The vulnerability and courage she has to get wh at she wants, that Little Red Cap needs to know the wolfs tricks and tips for her own career.In Delilah Duffy also presents how she needs to go through certain strengths and certain actions to be able get her way and manipulate him ‘He fucked me again until he was sore’. Duffy shows in order for Delilah to get what she wants she needs to give her knowledge in love and ‘how to care’. Also the reader has acknowledgement of how it relates to the biblical story. Delilah and Little Red Cap both show that the female gains power, as the poems show verse gender roles. The reader explores how in both poems Delilah and Little Red Cap have to hurt their lover in some way.‘I took an axe to the wolf as he slept, one chop, scrotum to throat’. This quote is shows how Little Red Cap is now independent and does not need a man to be able to live a good life, also the quote shows the wolf had no compassion to help Little Red Cap and she had now realised this afte r ‘10 years’, also in Delilah Duffy presents how Delilah now has power to make her lover feel equal and to be just as strong as she is. ‘Then with passionate deliberate hands I cut every lock of his hair.’The biblical story of Delilah and Samson tells how Delilah betrayed Samson by cutting his hair, as the hair gave Samson the power he needed to be able to fight against the beasts, Duffy presents this point in a different view, from Delilah’s side and how she thought what she was doing was actually benefiting him, as Samson wanted to care and be afraid. Duffy gives Delilah an innocent, loving character twisting what actually happens in Delilah and Samson. In both poems ‘Little Red Cap’ and ‘Delilah’ they both cut something of their lovers body, showing that the women have gained power by mentally and physically hurting the men.In the poems ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’ & ‘Penelope’ Duffy explores how woman c an enjoy and be fulfilled without male presence. ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’ can finally relax and be herself ‘I sank like a stone†¦and gave up exercise’ Duffy adds humour with light comedy housewives can relate to. The quote shows how ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’ can now indulge and let herself go, as she doesn’t have anyone to impress. Her husband sleeps and she is free from having to please him.. ‘And while he slept I found some hobbies for myself Painting. Seeing the sights I’d always dreamed about.’ Duffy emphasises’ how before when Mr Rip Van Winkle was awake, he had dominance over her, as she delicately picked the verb ‘dreamed’ as the male had been very dominant before falling asleep not giving her opportunities she would have thought to be able to do when she had been married. Her husband sounds like a very boring man that views women as objects as she had no way of travelling the world until he was fast asleep. In contrast Penelope starts off with needing male companionship and ending with independence and lost love.‘At first I looked along the road hoping to see him saunter home’ Duffy makes Penelope a dependent, loving female who has devoted her life to her husband as she cannot live without him. ‘At first’ implies that Penelope will later on give up on waiting for her husband, and that she will find something else to do that is wiser with her time. The fast that Carol Ann Duffy uses ‘hoping’ shows that her lover isn’t coming back home any time soon, or she would have used a verb that made the audience more certain. We see as the poem goes on that Penelope starts to gain self-fulfilment by creating a hobby for her in order to forget her husband.‘Thinking to amuse myself†¦running after childhood’s bouncing ball’ Penelope now has the freedom to finally do what she wants to like Mrs Rip Van Winkle by being creative and not having a male companion. Penelope uses her skill of embroidery as an escape for not worrying or caring about her husband, she finally feels free and liberated, which shows how her husband had affected her lifestyle. In both poems ‘Anne Hathaway and ‘The Devils’ Wife’ we see how women can be in such awe by their male equivalent that they are misguided by the flaws every other person can see.In Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare’s wife feels so grateful for something that is pretty normal and not much of a gift to other people. ‘my widows head as he held me upon that next best bed’ The humour in this poem is seen as a significant concept as of how love-struck Anne Hathaway is seen in Carol Ann Duffy’s view of Shakespeare’s fancy gift to his wife. Duffy represents Anne Hathaway as quite a delusional character and who is not smart enough to realise how much of an uncaring person Shakespeare is towards her.‘In â⠂¬ËœAnne Hathaway', readers are shown that Hathaway, the suppressed and often forgotten wife of play write William Shakespeare, is content with being left his ‘second best bed' in Shakespeare's will. As well as in ‘The devils Wife’ we are shown how much Myra Hindley will do to be able to catch and feel Ian Brady’s love. ‘I’d lay on my bed at home, on fire for him. ’ Even though she knew what her morals were, just for Ian she would go to such extremes to be respected and loved by him, even if her dignity was lost and was seen as disgusting she had done it in awe of her lover Ian Brady.She is not remorseful as she knows Ian Brady is her lover, so she becomes very submissive and looks up to him in awe. In conclusion the main themes expressed in Carol Ann Duffys ‘The Worlds Wife’ are linked with her views on feminism and how Women should be just as equal to Men, emphasising how Females need a voice in society too, Carol Ann Duff y uses humour and factual reference to get the reader’s attention. [1]- â€Å"Small Female Skull: Patriarchy and Philosophy In the Poetry of Carol Ann Duffy† in the Poetry of Carol Ann Duffy ‘Choosing Tough Words' edited by Angelica Michelis and Antony Rowland.

Case Study Bharti Airtel Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2407 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Bharti airtel, formerly known as bharthi tele-ventures limited (B Tvl) . Indias largest and worlds second largest cellular service provider with more than 90 million subscribers as December 2009. It also offers fixed line service and broadband service and mobile broadband. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Study Bharti Airtel Business Essay" essay for you Create order SingTel owns over 32.04%of the bharti telecom. Vodafone is also a shareholder of airtel with 4.4%of the shares. Airtel comes to you from bharti airtel limited, Indias largest integrated and the first private telecom services provider with a footprint in all 23 telecom circles. Bharthi airtel since its inception has been at the forefront of technology and has steered the course of the telecom sector in the country with its world class products and services. The businesses at bharti airtel have been structured into three individual strategic businesses mobile services, airtel Telemedia service enterprise services. The mobile business provides mobile fixed wireless services using GSM technology across 23 telecom circles while the airtel telemedia service business offer broadband telephone service in 94 cities. The enterprise services provide end -to-end telecom solution to corporate customers and national and international long distance service to carriers. All these service are provided under the airtel brand The bharti group has a diverse business profile and has created global brand in telecommuting sector. Bharti has recently forward into retail business as bharthi retail pvt.Ltd.under a wal-mart for the cash carry business. it is successfully launched an venture with EL Rothschild group to export fresh agri products exclusively to markets in Europe and USA and has launched bharthi axa life insurance company Ltd under a joint venture with AXA, world leader in financial protection and wealth Management. Incorporation year : 1995 Business :bharti Enterprises From :pravite Revenue :US$7.254 billion (2009) employees : 25,543(2009) Strategic capability : Overall corporate performance needs to be disaggregated to highlight areas of strength and weakness. Targets and indicators are needed to identify how well the organisation is performing. Comparative techniques such as benchmarking can be used both internally and externally to compare activities and functions and to assess overall performance. Useful indicators include market share, profitability, financial turnover and other measures such as total output, product or service quality, employee productivity staff retention and environmental auditing. The type of technology used within the organisation should be assessed. Investment in new technology may affect the demand for lobour. It many increase the market share and increase output .Alternatively the introduction of new technology may change the skills profile required and create the need for more investment in training the current workforce ,or need to release those without the required skills and replace them with employees wit h the right skills . New technology can also result in labour and reduce the number of employees needed. The organizational structure is examined for appropriateness for future developments. Are any alterative structures available that may increase effectiveness? Scope for delivering the organizational hierarchy, increasing employee empowerment, re-engineering business process, and centralization versus decentralization are indicative of the range of issues that might feature in the organisational assessment which informs the human resource plan. Any change which affects organisational output must be taken into account in HRP as tt will impact on the demand for labour .in times of labour shortage; organisations should be looking for ways to reduce their demand for labour for labour by working more effectively. All organisations need a clear vision of their development in the medium to long term. The pace of change in many business sectors is high;nonetheless,even in dynamic times organisations must seek to retain control over their strategic development .key participants in this sector will have had to decide whether they compete or not and to have made an assessment of the impact o that decision on their market share. The introduction of telephone insurance and the extension of on-line banking are further examples of changes in the strategic direction of these sectors. These decisions have significant HR implications and demonstrate the importance of understanding the link between the corporate strategy and human resources plans. Although the HR functions are unlikely to change the overall corporate strategy, early involvement in the planning process identifies the HR issue and allows for more effective human resource planning. Wim Elfrink, Chief Globalisation Officer and Executive Vice President, Cisco Services,ÂÂ  said: We are thrilled to join hands with Bharti Airtel in an innovative model for managed service providers. Building on the governmen ts commitment to rapid broadband deployment, we will together create and deliver transformational services for large enterprise and small and medium-sized business customers. This collaborative relationship is built on the strategy that we do not simply give our customers what we have; instead we create what they need by developing new business models and services adapted to our customers diverse needs. The vision of the strategic business alliance is to combine the unique differentiation and capabilities of Bharti Airtel and Cisco. Bharti Airtel brings strengths of market leadership and product expertise in network connectivity for large enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), in addition to strong distribution and a network of systems integration partners. Cisco brings value through its IP-based capabilities, strengths in next-generation network solutions, and enterprise and SMB channels. The unique products and services offered by this alliance will incorpora te Cisco technology with the Airtel network to target the burgeoning Indian managed services market. Marketing planning: A marketing plan assists you integrate your total marketing effort. It ensures a systematic approach to developing products and services to meet and satisfy your customers needs. A good marketing plan sets clear, realistic and measurable objectives, includes deadlines, provides a budget and allocates responsibilities. A plan can consist of this element: Analysis of current market business objectives Key strategies Steps to achieving your objectives Proposed budget Timing Marketing plan should remain an ongoing process throughout the life of your business. Organizational design: Organization structure: There has always existed a need to arrange the resources of an organization in such a way that will achieve the objectives set for it, in the most effective manner possible. Martin (2005).Organizational structure is not the intent of modern era; it existed centuries ago and has been taking different forms with advance needs and technology. The framework of any organization in any age represents the way the designers interpret, in the light of prevailing models and fashion, the objectives to be achieved matched together with the human and technological resources. Martin (2005). Organization structure has an huge impact on the performance of the human and monetary resources of the organization and on the organization as a whole. No matter how organizations vary from each other depending on the complexity and the size, there is always a necessity for division of whole management task into a variety of activities. Thus, allocating different activities to differe nt parts of the organization and setting mean and methods to control, co-ordinate and integrate them. The structure of an organization can be regarded as frame work for getting things done. It consists of units, functions, divisions , departments and formally constituted work teams into which activities related to particular process, projects, products, markets, customers, geographical areas or professional decisions are grouped together. The structure indicates who is accountable for directing, co-ordinating and carrying out those activities and defines management hierarchies- the chain of command, thus spelling out who is responsible to whom for what at each level in the organization. Armstrong (2006). The different types of structure are: Tall and Flat structures: Tall structures are types of structures where the involvement of specialist managers, helps the organization to co-ordinate a wide range of activities across different products and market sectors. Its main characteristics are numerous levels of management and narrow span of control. Short or flat structures involves few management layers, enabling a greater degree of top management control. This type of culture prevails in smaller organization. Hierarchical Structures: The basis of the different forms of hierarchical structures is the strict observance of the principle of the unity of command. A line of command can consequently be traced through the ranks of the organization to or from the chief executive or chairman. Members are usually divided into divisions or departments which are charged with a certain area of responsibility Campbell and Craig (2005).The various types of hierarchical structures are distinguished from each other depending on how the parts of the organization are distributed. They are 1. Entrepreneurial Structure: Entrepreneurial structure is one where the owner of the organization has direct control of management activity and delegates task to his employees. This type of culture can be found in small organizations, where the tasks are limited like cafe, small retail stores, etc.. 2. Bureaucratic Structure: Bureaucratic structure is a tall and rigid structure. Bureaucratic form of organizations always exhibit their characteristics of fixed division of labour,central control, employees appointed for various posts on basis of capability and not elected, systematic and strict filing of the documents. In this structure promotions are given only on the basis of seniority and achievements. Here, there are strict rules and regulations and there is need for disciplined approach. 3. Functional Structure: A functional structure closely follows the classical school of thought in organizational structure in that it prevails the first steps in determining the formality of roles, responsibility, control and co-ordination of activities. Campbell Craig (2005). The organization is often divided into five key functional areas: Finance and accountancy Marketing and sales Human resources Technical (example: RD) Operations (example: Manufacturing). This structure will become a drawback and give rise to complexity if the company wants to expand its product lines. To counter this drawback the larger companies especially operating across various countries and various types of customers divide their customer base according to the region and the type of product. This division is generically termed as Geographical division and Product or Customer Based division and within them they have the functional structures. In this scenario the head quarters has all the power and authority a nd pass it on to the managers in these divisions to carry out the task effectively. Example: Citigroup has divided its customer base on the basis of their country and the type of account or product they have. Independence form of structure: This form of structure is almost a form of non-organization. In this structure the owner runs the show on his own. If there are more than one owner then often they dont co-ordinate and if they then the percentage of co-ordination is very less. This structure is often visible where professionals are involved. There is no control over each other. Example: GP Surgery, Barristers, etc. Core-periphery Organizational structure: Todays global competition and emphasis on saving resources has given rise to structure through which the payroll is downsized to the core of permanent employees only who carry out the fundamental activities of the organization. This allows the organization flexibility in managing fluctuations in its labour requirements by hiring casual, part-time or contract workers on an ad-hoc basis. (Campbell Craig 2005). Organizational culture: Basically, organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artefacts) of organization members and their behaviour. (www.managementhelp.org) .Edgar Schein (1985) described Organizational Culture as the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for-granted fashion an organizations view of itself and its environment. Ralph Stacey (1996) defines organizational culture as the culture of any group of people is that set of beliefs, customs, practices and ways of thinking that they have come to share with each other through being and working together. It is a set of assumption people simply accept without question as they interact with each other. At the visible level the culture of a group of people takes the form of ritual: behaviour, symbols, myths, stories, sounds and artefacts. Determinants of Organizational Culture are: The philosophy of the organizations founders. The nature of the activities in business. The nature of interpersonal relationships and the degree of camaraderie in the organization. The management style adopted and the types of control mechanism. Any influences from the external environment which can affect the employees perceptions of their job security or personal, economic and social outlook. Campbell Craig (2005). The Artefacts of culture are things that give away certain feature of an organization Campbell Craig (2005). Artifacts can be logos of the organization, layout of the plant, colour of the walls, etc.. Artifacts include slogans and sayings form of language, rituals and routines, how the culture treats newcomers to the organization and heroes and villains of an organization. Campbell Craig (2005). Example: Google gives away its quality of friendliness, innovativeness and an outgoing organization by coloring its walls in vibrant colors and planning vario us sporting and entertaining activities. Moreover, every employee is free to interact with all the employees no matter of the department they work in and there is no discrimination in recruitment and no strict observance of hierarchy. Organizations dont necessarily have one unified culture due to uniqueness of every individual and these individuals tend to form subgroups based on similarities among the individuals of these groups. As understood in sociology, a subculture is a set of people with distinct behaviors and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. (www.wikipedia.com). The subcultures would be different and distinct from other subcultures and larger culture due to age of its members, race, ethnicity, class and/or gender, sexual orientation, etc..An organization always has many subcultures as it grows and expands because new employees that would be recruited by the organization would have different attributes influenced by the enviro nment they have come from and the events in their life and society. These individuals often associate with employees with similar attributes resulting in a group having their own culture. Example: In Citigroup, due to the diversity there are employees with various cultures like Indian culture. They form a group with other Indian employees and they often interact with each other a lot and this has resulted them in having a different culture. This subculture can be seen the way they eat, dress and communicate with others. Members of subculture would always have a different style and represent themselves differently from the mass groups. Many subcultures evolve constantly due to their members attempt to stay steps ahead of the dominant culture. A subculture can be described as a counter culture if they oppose dominant culture systematically.