Review of Arthur Millers Play The Crucible

Of all Arthur Millers classic dramas, The Crucible remains his most difficult play to convincingly produce. One wrong choice from a director, one wrong gesture from a performer, and the play will elicit laughter instead of gasps of pathos. From a literary standpoint, the story and characters are easy to comprehend. Set in Salem, Massachusetts the plot moves at a brisk pace and the audience quickly learns that the protagonist, John Proctor, is the object of young, wicked Abigail Williams desire. She will stop at nothing to recapture the heart of this married man, even if it means accusing others of witchcraft and igniting the deadly flames of hysteria, a paranoia that will ultimately lead many to the gallows. Summary John Proctor carries a dark weight in his soul. A respected farmer and husband, he has committed adultery with a seventeen-year-old girl (Abigail). Yet, although he hides this fact from the rest of the community, he still values truth. He knows that the allegations of witchcraft are vengeful lies. John struggles throughout the play. Should he accuse his former lover of lying and attempted murder? Even at the cost of being publicly branded an adulterer? The conflict intensifies during the plays final act. He is given a chance to save his own life, but to do that he must confess that he had worshiped the devil. His ultimate choice provides a powerful scene that every leading actor should strive to play. Other complex characters within the play are a boon for actresses. The character of Elizabeth Proctor calls for a restrained performance, with occasional bursts of passion and grief. Perhaps the juiciest role of the play, though she doesnt get as much stage time, is that of ​Abigail Williams. This character can be interpreted in many ways. Some actresses have played her as a childish brat, while others have portrayed her as a sinister harlot. The actress who takes on this role should decide, how does Abigail truly feel about John Proctor? Was her innocence stolen from her? Is she a victim? Or a sociopath? Does she love him in some twisted way? Or has she been using him all along? Producing The Crucible Now, if the plot and characters are amazingly coherent, then why should this play be a challenge to successfully produce? The scenes of pretend witchcraft can evoke a comic effect if performed the wrong way. For example, many high school productions have gone over the top during the possession scenes. The script calls for young women of Salem to gyrate as if in a demonic fit, to envision birds flying around them, and to repeat words as though they are hypnotized. If done correctly, these scenes of mock-witchcraft can create a chilling effect. The audience will be able to understand how judges and reverends could be fooled into making a deadly decision. However, if the performers become too silly, the audience might chuckle and chortle, and then it might be hard to make them feel the profound tragedy of the plays end. In short, the magic of this play will come from the supporting cast. If actors can realistically recreate what life was like back in 1692, the audience will have a vicarious experience. They will come to understand the fears, desires, and disputes of this small Puritan town, and may come to relate to the people of Salem not as characters in a play, but as real people who lived and died, often in the face of cruelty and injustice. Then, the audience will be able to experience the full weight of Millers exquisite American tragedy.

Process Enpcompassing Goals, Values, and Efficiency that...

In a professional environment to have an established process that encompasses goals, values, and efficiency. A business outlines concrete procedures on how their employees should act and complete tasks. The organization of these procedures creates the Process that resonates throughout all employees and operations. It involves key elements that are unique but are universal to successful businesses. Customer Service involves many facets and is incorporated in all areas of business. If you’re a profitable business, such as Infosys BPO Limited, you understand the value of excellent customer service in all functions of society. Our company believes that customer service is not a department or separate entity, but â€Å"a way of life†. It†¦show more content†¦This particular function is a crucial factor in clear long distance communication. Telephone Etiquette in today’s fast-paced business world, telephone communication is more important than ever. With expansive use of cell phones, business is conducted 24/7 and the phone has become a lifeline. When you learn how to communicate properly by phone, both in your personal and business life, you will find that people will treat you with more respect. Every business should have a process in place for workers who deal with customers over the phone. This process should be emphasized, measured, and adhered to. Following these basic rules will set our organization apart from the rest. Below is a visual aid to help employees learn tips on professional speaking over the phone. Process Quality is a measure of interrelated work items (such as tasks, procedures, steps). The measurement indicates whether a given process is carried out with tolerant defects, and insignificant variations. Higher quality of a process means that the components are successfully built and sustained to fulfill the needs and requirements of the customer. Process quality is monitored and managed by undertaking a range of control and assurance activities. The primary goal of these activities is to reduce variations of a targeted process and its components. In order to implement a process there should be a quality enagement plan created to assess, anticipate and

When Law Enforcement Fails to Respect Privacy, They Fail to Protect Society free essay sample

Technologies are used to advance our world and create a better standard of living. Often, these technologies are used to improve medicine, develop assistance with everyday tasks, or to create new access to communications throughout our world and space. Technologies have even given us a better insight to our past. Technologies drastically change our lives every day and every minute. These are the welcomed advances that change the roots to who we all are and what we will become. What happens though, when technologies begin to infringe on our human rights? Our civil liberties are created not as privileges, but as rights. Rights that are ours to have and we are all responsible to protect them. With technology broadly expanding what we are able to do, there are more and more tools available for both individuals and law enforcement. When individuals use these new technologies against one other, there are punishments if a line is crossed. Law enforcement also uses these new technologies that sometimes cross the line. New rules and regulations are constantly created and altered to fit into our ever changing technical universe. The article written by Thomas D. Colbridge, â€Å"Kyllo v. United States: Technology v. Individual Privacy†, is a prime example of a true case that questioned this fine line between what is allowed and what is really an infringement of civil liberties. It shows what happens when law enforcement fails to respect privacy, and because of that neglect, fails to protect society. Privacy and Protection 3 The case of, â€Å"Kyllo v. United States†, opens your eyes and forces the ultimate realization that our rights are being violated every day. Individuals as well as the law enforcement and government must respect our rights to privacy. When those rights are not respected, it will make the efforts to provide security fail. The Kyllo case proves what happens when law enforcement fails to respect those rights and ultimately fails to protect our society from criminals. â€Å"The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits unreasonable searches.† (Kennedy, 421) This amendment is what the Kyllo case is based on. A Fourth Amendment search is defined by two questions. Does a person expect their activity to remain private? Is that expectation of privacy reasonable and acceptable by society? A search is a Fourth Amendment search if these answers are, yes. A Fourth Amendment search may not be done unless it can be proven a reasonable search by means of a warrant, or an exception to the warrant requirement. If these conditions are not met, then the search may not be performed. A Fourth Amendment search was done to Danny Kyllo’s home and it was done without a warrant or one of the exceptions, and in the end, law enforcement failed to protect the streets from a manufacturer and supplier of marijuana. A National Guard member used a thermal imager to obtain a thermal scan of Kyllo’s home. He recorded this scan in the early morning and did so without a warrant. An agent of the Bureau of Land Management requested the scan because he suspected that Kyllo had a marijuana growing operation in the home. Kyllo’s ex-wife had been recently arrested for, â€Å"delivery and possession of a controlled substance†, and they were living together. (Kennedy, 422) Kyllo’s utility records were also subpoenaed and indicated a higher than usual utility consumption. A police informant also reported that Kyllo informed him that he could supply marijuana. The agent of the Bureau of Land Management didn’t obtain a warrant for the scan, but he used the results of the scan to obtain a warrant to do a Privacy and Protection 4 physical search of Kyllo’s home. That agent failed to respect Kyllo’s privacy by not obtaining a warrant permitting the thermal scan and thus invaded Kyllo’s civil liberties. When investigators used the search warrant to physically search Kyllo’s home, they found â€Å"marijuana plants, weapons, and drug paraphernalia.† (Kennedy, 422) They arrested Kyllo. Kyllo used the fact that the thermal scan was completed without a warrant to try to suppress the evidence against him. He said a Fourth Amendment search had been performed on his home without a warrant being obtained for the search. Since the results of the thermal scan had been used to obtain the search warrant, Kyllo simply argued that the search warrant was invalid, thus making the physical evidence obtained during the search invalid. The trial court unjustly denied Kyllo’s argument and convicted him. Kyllo appealed that conviction to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The Ninth Circuit had a problem making the final decision and had to hear the case three times before they reached a final verdict. Our ever changing technologies proved to be difficult to determine how our laws should be followed or amended. The first time they heard the case, they sent it back to trial court to obtain information of the capabilities of the thermal scan. They wanted to know how it worked and what details inside the home the scan could reveal. The trial court decided that the scan showed, â€Å"no intimate details of the life inside Kyllo’s home; did not invade any personal privacy inside the home; could not penetrate walls or windows to reveal human activities or conversations; and recorded only heat escaping from the house†. (Kennedy, 422) This decision again, wrongly struck down Kyllo’s argument that the thermal scan was a Fourth Amendment search. The Ninth Circuit rightly declared the thermal scan an unconstitutional search initially, but the third time it heard the case, it reversed the ruling and declared that it was not a Fourth Amendment search. The Ninth Circuit decided the scan didn’t reveal any intimate details and therefore was not a Privacy and Protection 5 Fourth Amendment search. Naturally, the circuit courts didn’t all agree on this issue, so Kyllo took his case before the U.S. Supreme court. The U.S. Supreme court was to decide on the, â€Å"constitutionality of residential thermal scans†. (Kennedy, 423) The U.S. Supreme court rightly decided that the thermal scan of Kyllo’s home was indeed a search under the Fourth Amendment. It was a close decision that was won 5 to 4. The ultimate decision was that the police were able to obtain information from the scan that they wouldn’t have been able to obtain without going inside Kyllo’s home. The U.S. Supreme court said that the thermal scan did in fact reveal details about the interior of Kyllo’s home, and was in fact a direct violation of Kyllo’s constitutional rights. The decision of the U.S. Supreme court was of course inevitable. The decision took a long time to make due to the different laws and constitutions already in place that were in direct confliction with newly advancing technology. When all of this information is looked at from a distance, it is easy to see what went wrong in this case. The agent of the Bureau of Land Management failed to respect Kyllo’s privacy and did not use the common sense of obtaining a warrant before ordering the thermal imaging scan. If the agent had been unsure of the need of the warrant, he should have obtained one to ensure his evidence acquired from the thermal scan was justified and admissible. In the process of invading Kyllo’s constitutional rights, the agent denied the community of their protection. He failed to rid the streets of a criminal that deserved to be imprisoned. He failed to do his job properly and in the process failed to protect society. Danny Kyllo was indeed growing and supplying marijuana. He deserved to get caught. He was breaking the law and hurting his community by growing and providing drugs to that community. Danny Kyllo also had rights though. First and foremost, he had the reasonable expectation of privacy inside his Privacy and Protection 6 home just as everyone else, including law enforcement officials, have. The fact that he may have been engaging in illegal activities, does not mean that he is automatically stripped of his constitutional rights. Even prisoners locked away in institutions have rights. The phrase, â€Å"innocent until proven guilty†, should be easy to understand and follow. The simple fact is that law enforcement officials, must respect and provide for a person’s privacy even when that person may not be obeying the law. Thermal imaging scans can still be done. The scans can be used if a warrant is obtained, if there is no expectation of privacy, or when the warrant is excused due to an exception. If someone is in imminent danger, no warrant would be needed. In the future, thermal imaging scans will more than likely not even be used for this purpose. When there is enough evidence to obtain a warrant for a thermal imaging scan, then there is probably enough evidence to obtain a search warrant of the home or business itself. The thermal scan is in essence, not needed. The agent of the Bureau of Land Management had a surplus of evidence, surely great enough to obtain a search warrant of the home without the evidence used from the thermal scan. The scan itself, could have provided false information due to there being a multitude of other reasons why areas of someone’s home would be warmer than others. Perhaps there was a tanning bed in a room of the home, or perhaps a license had been obtained to grow marijuana for medical reasons. There was only one thermal imaging scan completed on the home, just one. That scan could have ended up as an embarrassing situation for both the resident and the law enforcement officials. Government and law enforcement have to and must abide by the same basic guidelines that we are all held accountable for. Law enforcement officials are put into a position of power and a position of control to protect our societies from harm and injustices. That is the job these men and women choose to do. With that position of power and control, comes a great deal of responsibility. They are Privacy and Protection 7 responsible for keeping people safe and the streets clean of criminals and their illegal activities. They must first start though, by knowing the constitution and laws. They must start by knowing and following the rules of every day citizens. They must investigate, search, and report within the means and parameters of the laws that they are trying to protect. We trust the government and law enforcement officials and we trust them to protect us. When they fail to protect us by failing to do their job properly, they lose that trust. This problem can be easily remedied. Law enforcement officials should remember one thing; if law enforcement doesn’t respect privacy, they fail to protect our society. Privacy and Protection 8 References Kennedy, L. K., Kennedy, W. J. (2008). Writing in the Disciplines, Edition 6, pp. 420-429. Colbridge, Thomas. (2001). Kyllo v. United States: Technology v. Individual Privacy. FBI Law Enforcement Bulliton, pp. 25+.

Tourism from Social and Cultural Perspective-Samples for Students

Question: How can we understand Tourism from Social and Cultural Perspective? Answer: Introduction Tourism industry and the business of tourism are criticised for their dual aspect and the uneven distribution of the associated merits and demerits upon the host destinations. Evaluating the tourism effects for determining the sustainable ways of growth and development for the positive implications for both the guest as well as the host nations is a major challenge for the tourism sector. A vast data and literature also highlights the key role played by tourism in the socio-cultural and socio-economic development of several nations. In present time, tourism is regarded as the socio-economic and socio-cultural giant at the international as well as the domestic level. Today tourism is not an aspect but an entire industry which regulates the social, cultural and economic conditions of the regions[1]. On the other hand, the literature also throws lights upon the negative implications upon the society, culture and the environment of various tourist destinations. Numbers of host countries and regions have their dependency upon tourism business as the key tool and driver for economic development[2]. Thus, it is still vague and unclear that tourism has more positive or more negative implications if judged from the perspective of social and cultural impacts. It is a set perception that global tourism can offer a faster and rapid path for converting the societies from traditional to modern form. Numerous studies explain that the tourist destinations take these changes and modifications in a more optimistic manner in regards with economic affluence and modernisation. Though, the integration of cultures of two diverse international cultures develops the change practices overtime, primarily in the Eastern regions where the change or the process of modernisation is Western in orientation. The studies explain and have their key focus upon the merits and demerits of tourism sector but nobody have concerned focus from social and cultural perspective[3]. Previous researches and studies undertaken on the perception and attitude towards the cultural and social impacts of tourism recognize several associations. There are several factors that have a direct influence on the perceptions of the societies and the residents towards the tourism business[4]. These can be divided into few major categories that comprises of socio-economic and demographic factors, personal factors, cultural factors and the factors that have a relation with tourism sector[5]. The cultural factors comprise of the aspects such as the domestic culture and the religion followed in the societies; the personal factors comprises of the aspects such as the mental health state, socialisation process and family background; the socio-economic and demographic factors comprise of aspects such as place of residence, income level, educational level, occupational situation, gender and age and the other factors includes economic dependence[6]. The socio-cultural perspective in rela tion with the tourism industry is somehow not conclusive as from the global perspective there are several views and literature that are in contrast with each other and this leads to unclear statement. The paper will help in attaining an in-depth understanding of the tourism business and tourism industry from the social and cultural perspective with the help of several discursions on the basis of peer-reviewed literature and research work. The paper will also support the analysis by the means of theoretical frameworks, concepts and theories that have a direct relevance with the subject of the study. The study will provide discussion and analysis by keeping its primary focus upon the socio-economic and socio-cultural factors for understanding the merits, demerits and role of tourism. The report will sum up with a thorough conclusion based upon the research and analysis performed in the report. Concepts and Theories Understanding tourism from social and cultural perspectives can be more theoretical and relevant if performed by taking use of the already well-established and recognized concepts, models and theories. The following section will provide knowledge of tourism through some of the known theories such as Social Exchange Theory, Social Disruption Theory, Social Carrying Capacity Theory and Butlers Model of Tourism. All these theories and model will help in framing a sound base for the discussion part regarding the social and cultural perspective of tourism. The notion of the researchers and authors behind the formulations and development of these theories is to offer an analysis of the impact of tourism business and tourism industry in context with the host countries or tourist destinations. Social Exchange Theory The theory of social exchange was developed by Emerson and it is potentially applied to several research works by various authors. The Social Exchange theory explains that there will be take place exchanges if the exchange process develops valued rewards and upsurge benefits in comparison with the cost invested. The application of social exchange theory is performed for explaining the issues faced by the host countries because of tourism[7]. The theory comprises of the exchange of the resources among the groups and people at the time of interaction for example, there takes place exchange process when interaction occurs among the visitors and the host residents. Social exchange theory demonstrates the inconsistency in regards to tourism by several groups and individuals in the process of social exchange which are engaged at the community or the individual level[8]. The exchange process is only occurred when the individuals effectively weight and analyse the costs and the associated be nefits of the exchange[9]. The results as well as the decisions are completely depended upon these perceptions made by the societies and the individuals. In the respect with tourism, the social exchange theory suggests that the individuals are ready to come into an exchange process with the tourists if they analyse that there are some sort of benefits and advantages without undesirable costs. If the individuals of the host country have a viewpoint that tourism is a valuable and helpful source and the benefits are high than the costs then it will support the tourism development and growth in the host regions[10]. Social Disruption Theory The second theory which is used for understanding tourism through social and cultural perspective is the Social Disruption Theory. The theory can be explained as the breakdown or the alteration of social life usually from the perspective of the community. Social disruption can occur in several forms such as in the form of declining of the sales of the domestic business groups, natural disasters, undesirable changes and modifications in the societies[11]. In terms with the tourism sector and from the social and cultural perspective there occurs socio-cultural disruption of the lives of the residents and the environment of the host countries. Social disruption explains the negative implication of tourism and the manner in which it has negatively affected the destination. The discussion part will help in understanding the theory of social disruption by the means of few real life examples of negative impacts of tourism on some of the most recognized tourist spots. Col Arnold in his book of The theory of Social Disruption has explained and underlined the social dynamics, associations and circumstances associated with the growth and development of numerous things and the way in which it affects the lives of the individuals[12]. Social Carrying Capacity Theory Social Carrying Capacity Theory in respect with tourism can be understand as the maximum number of individuals who visit any tourist destination at a point of time and not causing any kind of disruption or destruction of the socio-cultural environment, economic and physical environment or any other kind of negative implication for the host country which can result in the number of visitors in future[13]. It primarily explains that whether the social and cultural aspects of the nations or the tourist destinations will be able to comply with the tourism business or not. It analyses the capacity of the destination to manage the tourism business and to have positive outcomes from the same[14]. Butlers Model of Tourism According to the Butlers Model of Tourism there are six different phases or stages that explain the life cycle model of the tourism business. The tourism business and sector states with a squat presence and slowly and gradually it expand itself. Following are the six different stages. These stages and life cycle can also be understood through a social and cultural perspective[15]. Exploration In this stage, there are people who are in search of some of the places and destinations that are attractive, peaceful, happening and fulfil the requirements of the people searching for it. The specific requirements of the tourists can be in terms of money making activities, landscape, history, natural beauty, culture, adventure, sport and underwater activities, etc. Involvement The second phase is of involvement which involves the local and regional people too for the satisfaction of the needs of the visitors by starting various new ventures which can support the tourism business such as transport, guides, food and accommodation[16]. Development The next stage is development where the foreign companies and the MNCs started making increased level of investments in the host region which is developing as a tourist spot so that they can get benefitted from the emerging potential of the region. They started selling the holiday packages and building hotels and complexes. It results in enhancement of the employment opportunities for the domestic individuals of the host country[17]. Consolidation In this stage, the local economy is conquered by tourism and number of domestic individuals started making money from the tourism business. It also resulted in negative aspect as the individuals started switching from their previous work such as from fishing, farming, agriculture, etc. There is continuous expansion in terms of building up of resorts, hotels, etc. Stagnation In this stage, there is initiated the level of competition from other tourist places. It resulted in threatening to the local and regional business and there declined sales. Decline or Rejuvenation It is last stage which occurs when the tourism business faces stagnation. It can then further result in decline or rejuvenation. Decline of tourism can be understand as the deterioration of the business of tourisms and the rejuvenation can be in terms of re-development and growth of the tourism business in that particular region by several modifications, restructuring or developments[18]. Discussion The socio-cultural impact of tourism Tourism has often in relation with the association among traditions, values, behaviours and cultures. Tourism is moreover a framework where there can be a number of learning for the tourists and the host nations in context with each other by the means of integration and interaction. Moreover, tourism needs increased level of responsiveness and quality services from the host nations top serve the tourists in an improved manner. Also, the interaction and communication among the tourists and the domestic individuals results in the development of economic and social progress, innovative values and ideas[19]. With the help of tourism there can be revitalisation of the cultural life of a community or a nation in the form of traditions and art as the key point of attraction for the tourists. There are four different stages of the attitude and perception of the domestic individuals in context with tourism. The first stage is known as euphoria which explains that the foreign visitors are welc omed by the nation without any kind of planning or control. The second stage is apathy where there is development of a formal and commercial association with the foreign visitors. The third stage is discomfort where there develops a saturation point when the community or the societies started changing their perspectives and attitudes towards the tourism industry and the decision makers focus upon development of the infrastructure rather than limiting the development of the industry. The last and the fourth stage is antagonism where the communities, domestic individuals and the societies develop a sense of irritation from the foreign investors and the tourism industry. The effective planning and increased promotional activities are considered as the remedy for avoiding such issues[20]. The socio-cultural impact of tourism is incomplete without having a discussion regarding the aspect of globalisation and its impact on the local culture of the host country. One of the primary outcomes of globalisation in the tourism industry is consumerism. The concept of consumerism can be understood as an upsurge in the demand for the overall consumption in an augmented variety of services and the products[21]. There is a direct impact of consumerism on the foreign visitors as they are a significant part of the society which is extremely consumer-oriented, featured by demand for supreme level of services, contemporary urban lifestyle and a perspective featured by the expression that everything is for sale. Because of increased consumerism in the tourism business, there is increased level of deterioration and destruction of the culture of the regions that ultimately results in social and environmental issues that comprises of long queues at historical places, man-made attractions a nd traffic congestion. For example, Venice is one of the most favoured tourist destinations which are overwhelmed by the foreign visitors that resulted in the generation of upsurge number of both social as well as environmental issues. Venice is one of the most densely populated locations by the tourists and the invasion of the foreign visitors in San Marco Basilica has resulted in huge damages to the frescoes because of the reduction generated by the breath of the visitors[22]. Addition to this, because of the constant and increased river of the tourists, the stone floor has been constantly eroded with an increasing rate. Unfortunately, these types of issues are usually experienced by the foreign visitors as a vital part of their individual experiences. Globalisation in context with tourism sector is extremely accused for the destruction of the socio-cultural uniqueness of the lifestyles, traditions, indigenous values and the local communities[23]. On the other hand, there are benefits too of the tourism business for the socio-cultural dimensions of the societies such as if the traffic of tourists increased in the small regions of the developing nation them it results in almost a 180 degree change in terms of overcoming issues of congestion, increased tranquillity, beautiful art and various other features[24]. But unfortunately, for many other regions and host countries, the changes are equivalent with the loss of the values, cultures and the local traditions by replacing them with an untrue culture[25]. In most of the regions that are not much developed or are rural, the investors or the developers restructure them completely by transforming them in tourists spots from their heritage aspect of agriculture and fishing, the forests and the farms are replaced with shopping centre or apartments and thus it results in vanishing of the local charm due to existence of increased number of recreational centres, highways and hotels at t hat places. It has been analysed from the social and cultural perspective that the resources or the local cultures which were appealing and the key attraction points slowly and gradually are eroded such as the tranquillity peace and the heritage. And because of the same, the social values and the culture of the destinations gets dissolved and diluted. It is an irony that in present time, the fishermen are working in the grocery stores or supermarkets and the tourist pay a huge amount for experiencing fishing on the authentic boats as a leisure activity. Such types of situations results in fracture among the socio-cultural environment and the domestic culture. Another major factor that negatively impacts the culture is the continuously rising number of the foreign visitors, the modern life style and the use of innovative technology[26]. Other example of deterioration of the culture and social values can be analysed by the example of one more preferred and renowned tourist spot i.e. Bali. For the entertainment of the tourists, there is performed a dance style i.e. Keechak which has its grounding from Hindu community but the performers show the dance in a very shortened manner as well as out of its original religious context[27]. It is considered as social disruption of the cultural values as well as a cheating with the tourist by showing them an unauthentic event. For the sake of the leisure and pleasure of the tourists, there are installed security services, alarm systems and other technological innovations so atht the foreign visitors does not bothered but the societal aspects of the destinations such as ecosystem degradation, social issues, begging and poverty are hidden but still exists. The less beautiful aspect of the regions or the world is hided in such a controlled environment[28]. Therefore, it has been ana lysed and evaluated that tourism is not only the key culprit for the deterioration of the traditional values and social and cultural identity of the communities. Behind the homogenization and the globalisation of the culture is not only because of tourism but there are other factors also which plays a major role in this context. One of the factors is development of technology and the media as they are of vital importance in shaping the fashion, lifestyle, opinions and the values of the world[29]. Understanding of socio-cultural perspective of tourism through a framework The assessment and evaluation of the social-cultural impacts is challenging as well as complex in nature. It is difficult to separate the impacts of socio-cultural aspects from the other factors and also it is very much complex to measure them. From the above presented framework, there can be analysed the socio-cultural perspective of tourism by taking sure of the above mentioned theories as well models too[30]. The framework explains that as per the socio-demographics characteristics of the individuals and the communities there is development of the perception related to the impacts of tourism. In context with the Social Exchange Theory and the Social Disruption Theory, the communities analyse and understand whether the overall aspects of tourism are reflecting positive impacts or negative impacts upon the three key elements i.e. environmental factors, socio-cultural factors and the economic factors. If it has been identified that there is taking place social, economic or environmen t disruptions, then the communities take tourism in a negative aspect and try to eliminate or decrease its existence and thus as a result there is no support for the development of tourism[31]. When the communities analyse these negative implications then it is identified that the carrying capacity of tourism of the regions are very low and thus it results in a squat life cycle of tourism in any region. On the other hand, if the communities of the local residents evaluate that there is economic development of the nation, preservation of the traditional and social values, empowerment of the cultural identity and increased sustainability of the environment, then all these factors develops a positive perspective for tourism which results in increased support for the development of tourism. When the communities analyse these positive implications then it is identified that the carrying capacity of tourism of the regions are very high and this ultimately results in extended and increased life cycle of tourism[32]. Conclusion The above paper demonstrates a mixed review of tourism from the social and cultural perspectives. There has been analysed both positive as well as the negative implications and perceptions of tourism. From the insights gained from the report, there can be analysed several positive outcomes such as the local communities can have an integration with individuals that are from different backgrounds and diverse cultural values which can result in the development and improvement of the standard of living as well as the lifestyles of the local residents. The improvement can take place with the help of tourism through improved infrastructure, better facilities, transportation etc. which further leads to enhanced employment opportunities and improved health care and education facilities. It can also act as the source for increased number of social and cultural events for the domestic individuals such as exhibitions, leisure and entertainment activities. Another positive implication from the s ocial and cultural perspective is the preservation of the cultural and traditional heritage of the regions and the rebirth of the regions ancestral heritage, architectural traditions and arts and crafts. The urban regions which are not fully developed can be restructured and as a result the increased number of people migrating from rural areas to ten urban regions can be decreased and they can be associated with the employment opportunities generated by the tourism industry. There are several examples of eth destinations that have reaped the advantages of the merits and positive implications of tourism in context with their development and social and cultural perspective of the nation. As discussed above in the paper, good amount of capital investments by the foreign companies and MNCs can result in the development of job creation and growth of the existing infrastructure. Thus, the positive side as per the social and cultural perspectives depicts the acceptance of the lifestyles of tourists and there robust welcome in the host nations with no threat to the existing culture, social values and existing ways of life. From the paper, there has been gathered numerous negative outcomes too in context with the socio-cultural perspectives of tourism as the lifestyle and the activities of the domestic individuals may suffer and get disrupted because of the resentment that is there towards tourists. Due to increased presence of tourists, it is a socio-cultural impact that the local people started copying the lifestyle of the tourist and thus it leads to loss of the local traditions and customs. It is also concluded that due to the increased stress posed by the influx of individuals by tourism, the present infrastructural conditions of the host countries may not cope with same in terms of health care provision, railways and roads. The most severe negative implication analysed from the paper is the deterioration and the destruction of the heritage, arts and the traditional beauties of the various monuments because of increased traffic of tourists and this is one of the biggest loss of the heritage and cul ture of any country. One more negative effect from the socio-cultural perspective is that the local industries will be loosing their existence and the domestic goods that will be substituted by the mass produced or by the imported goods that will result in lack of authenticity. There has been an also analysed social issue because of the ineffective understanding of the culture and values by the tourists due to ineffective communication that is a result of language barriers. Thus, from the overall perspective and analysis it can be concluded that there are both positive as well as negative side of tourism if evaluated through the lenses of social and cultural perspectives which differs from nation to nation. References Agarwal S. Restructuring seaside tourism: the resort lifecyle. Annals of tourism research. 2002 Jan 31;29(1):25-55. Ap J. Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts. Annals of tourism Research. 1992 Jan 1;19(4):665-90. Apostolopoulos Y, Leivadi S, Yiannakis A, editors. The sociology of tourism: theoretical and empirical investigations. Routledge; 2013 Apr 15. Ashley C, Boyd C, Goodwin H. Pro-poor tourism: putting poverty at the heart of the tourism agenda. Badalamenti F, Ramos AA, Voultsiadou E, Lizaso JS, D'ANNA G, Pipitone C, Mas J, Fernandez JR, Whitmarsh D, Riggio S. Cultural and socio-economic impacts of Mediterranean marine protected areas. Environmental conservation. 2000 Jun;27(2):110-25. Bochner S, editor. Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction. Elsevier; 2013 Oct 22. Brida JG, Zapata S. Cruise tourism: economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing. 2009 Dec 2;1(3):205-26. Butler R, editor. The tourism area life cycle. Channel view publications; 2006. Butler R, Hinch T. Tourism and indigenous peoples: Issues and implications. Routledge; 2007. Butler R. The Tourism Area Life Cycle in the Twenty?First Century. A companion to tourism. 2004 Jul 2:159-70. Chen CF, Chen PC. Resident attitudes toward heritage tourism development. Tourism Geographies. 2010 Nov 26;12(4):525-45. Coccossis H, Mexa A. The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment: theory and practice. Routledge; 2017 Mar 2. Cohen E, Cohen SA. Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 2012 Oct 31;39(4):2177-202. Deery M, Jago L, Fredline L. Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda. Tourism Management. 2012 Feb 29;33(1):64-73. Deery M, Jago L, Fredline L. Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda. Tourism Management. 2012 Feb 29;33(1):64-73. Gssling S, Scott D, Hall CM, Ceron JP, Dubois G. Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research. 2012 Jan 31;39(1):36-58. Jimura T. The impact of world heritage site designation on local communitiesA case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management. 2011 Apr 30;32(2):288-96. Jurado EN, Tejada MT, Garca FA, Gonzlez JC, Macas RC, Pea JD, Gutirrez FF, Fernndez GG, Gallego ML, Garca GM, Gutirrez OM. Carrying capacity assessment for tourist destinations. Methodology for the creation of synthetic indicators applied in a coastal area. Tourism Management. 2012 Dec 31;33(6):1337-46. Kim K, Uysal M, Sirgy MJ. How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?. Tourism Management. 2013 Jun 30;36:527-40. Lew AA, Hall CM, Williams AM, editors. A companion to tourism. John Wiley Sons; 2008 Apr 15. Mason P. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge; 2015 Aug 27. Nunkoo R, Ramkissoon H. Small island urban tourism: a residents' perspective. Current Issues in Tourism. 2010 Jan 1;13(1):37-60. Park M, Stokowski PA. Social disruption theory and crime in rural communities: Comparisons across three levels of tourism growth. Tourism Management. 2009 Dec 31;30(6):905-15. Paul BD. The impacts of tourism on society. The Annals of the University of Oradea. 2012, pp.500. Petrosillo I, Zurlini G, Grato E, Zaccarelli N. Indicating fragility of socio-ecological tourism-based systems. Ecological Indicators. 2006 Jan 31;6(1):104-13. Ramchander P. Towards the responsible management of the socio-cultural impact of township tourism. Tourism and politics: global frameworks and local realities. 2003:149-73. Richards G, Hall D, editors. Tourism and sustainable community development. Psychology Press; 2003. Smith MK. Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge; 2009 Dec 4. Stylidis D, Biran A, Sit J, Szivas EM. Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism Management. 2014 Dec 31;45:260-74. Wang Y, Pfister RE. Residents' attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research. 2008 Aug;47(1):84-93. Ward C, Berno T. Beyond social exchange theory: Attitudes toward tourists. Annals of Tourism Research. 2011 Oct 31;38(4):1556-69. Wearing S. Exploring socio-cultural impacts on local communities. CABI Publishing, Oxon; 2001. s Bc Dorin, P. "The impacts of tourism on society."The Annals of the University of Oradea. 2012, pp.500. Lew, Alan A., C. Michael Hall, and Allan M. Williams, eds.A companion to tourism. John Wiley Sons, 2008. Smith, Melanie K.Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge, 2009. Bochner, Stephen, ed.Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction. Vol. 1. Elsevier, 2013. Apostolopoulos, Yiorgos, Stella Leivadi, and Andrew Yiannakis, eds.The sociology of tourism: theoretical and empirical investigations. Vol. 1. Routledge, 2013. Deery, Margaret, Leo Jago, and Liz Fredline. "Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda."Tourism Management33.1 (2012): 64-73. Ward, Colleen, and Tracy Berno. "Beyond social exchange theory: Attitudes toward tourists."Annals of Tourism Research38.4 (2011): 1556-1569. Deery, Margaret, Leo Jago, and Liz Fredline. "Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda."Tourism Management33.1 (2012): 64-73. Wang, Yasong, and Robert E. Pfister. "Residents' attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community."Journal of Travel Research47.1 (2008): 84-93. Ap, John. "Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts."Annals of tourism Research19.4 (1992): 665-690. Park, Minkyung, and Patricia A. Stokowski. "Social disruption theory and crime in rural communities: Comparisons across three levels of tourism growth."Tourism Management30.6 (2009): 905-915. Cohen, Erik, and Scott A. Cohen. "Current sociological theories and issues in tourism."Annals of Tourism Research39.4 (2012): 2177-2202. Coccossis, Harry, and Alexandra Mexa.The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment: theory and practice. Routledge, 2017. Jurado, E. Navarro, et al. "Carrying capacity assessment for tourist destinations. Methodology for the creation of synthetic indicators applied in a coastal area."Tourism Management33.6 (2012): 1337-1346.. Butler, Richard, ed.The tourism area life cycle. Vol. 1. Channel view publications, 2006. Agarwal, Sheela. "Restructuring seaside tourism: the resort lifecyle."Annals of tourism research29.1 (2002): 25-55. Petrosillo, I., et al. "Indicating fragility of socio-ecological tourism-based systems."Ecological Indicators6.1 (2006): 104-113. Butler, Richard. "The Tourism Area Life Cycle in the Twenty?First Century."A companion to tourism(2004): 159-170. Brida, Juan Gabriel, and Sandra Zapata. "Cruise tourism: economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts."International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing1.3 (2009): 205-226002E Ramchander, Pranill. "Towards the responsible management of the socio-cultural impact of township tourism."Tourism and politics: global frameworks and local realities(2003): 149-173. Richards, Greg, and Derek Hall, eds.Tourism and sustainable community development. Vol. 7. Psychology Press, 2003. Butler, Richard, and Thomas Hinch.Tourism and indigenous peoples: Issues and implications. Routledge, 2007. Wearing, Stephen.Exploring socio-cultural impacts on local communities. CABI Publishing, Oxon, 2001. Badalamenti, Fabio, et al. "Cultural and socio-economic impacts of Mediterranean marine protected areas."Environmental conservation27.2 (2000): 110-125. Ashley, Caroline, Charlotte Boyd, and Harold Goodwin. "Pro-poor tourism: putting poverty at the heart of the tourism agenda." (2000). Kim, Kyungmi, Muzaffer Uysal, and M. Joseph Sirgy. "How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?."Tourism Management36 (2013): 527-540. Mason, Peter.Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge, 2015. Jimura, Takamitsu. "The impact of world heritage site designation on local communitiesA case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan."Tourism Management32.2 (2011): 288-296. Gssling, Stefan, et al. "Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change."Annals of Tourism Research39.1 (2012): 36-58. Chen, Ching-Fu, and Pei-Chun Chen. "Resident attitudes toward heritage tourism development."Tourism Geographies12.4 (2010): 525-545. Nunkoo, Robin, and Haywantee Ramkissoon. "Small island urban tourism: a residents' perspective."Current Issues in Tourism13.1 (2010): 37-60. Stylidis, Dimitrios, et al. "Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts."Tourism Management45 (2014): 260-274.